Jennifer Lincoln, MD, IBCLC, Board Certified OB/GYN • January 2, 2019 • 5 min read
One of the most emotional complications of breastfeeding can be a nursing strike. This is when a baby suddenly refuses to nurse. Whereas weaning is usually a gradual process where a baby slowly cuts down on the number of daily nursing sessions, a nursing strike is quite the opposite — and it can leave both mom and baby very unhappy and confused!
Nursing strikes can happen at any age, usually resulting in an irritable baby. When this happens, many mothers will wonder if their baby is suddenly weaning. It’s important to remember that baby-led weaning before a baby is 1 year old is somewhat rare, and weaning is usually a slow, gradual process.
The typical nursing strike scenario involves a baby who had no issues nursing, but one day screams at the breast or when mom approaches the chair where they always nurse. Once this happens, the next step is trying to figure out why this is happening.
Common causes of a nursing strike include teething, an ear infection, stress related to recent travel or having a house full of visitors, or a baby reaching exciting milestones such as walking. Depending on what appears to be causing the nursing strike, a mom can tailor how she responds to it.
In most cases, nursing strikes last from two to four days, though some can go on longer! During the time your baby is not latching, your milk supply must be protected by expressing milk either by hand or by pumping at the times when your baby would normally feed. This milk can be given to the baby in a bottle or cup, keeping in mind that you don’t want to make the alternative so “easy” that your baby will continue to reject the breast. Feeding that doesn’t include a bottle, or paced bottle feeding if one is used, can help gently remind baby that feeding at the breast is much more enjoyable!
The key to getting through a nursing strike is to keep offering the breast but to stop once it gets stressful, either for mom or for baby. When your baby starts arching his or her back and fighting at the breast, it’s time to step back and take a break for that feed. Pushing further will only make your baby associate stress and pain with breastfeeding, which will only make the nursing strike worse.
Increased access to nursing is key, and this can be done through frequent skin-to-skin sessions or taking a bath with your baby. Many moms find their babies will finally give in and nurse if they are sleepy enough, so waking baby for a dream feed or nursing early in the morning when he or she is drowsy can help end a nursing strike.
While most nursing strikes are short-lived and fixable, there are some situations where a strike lasts for a few weeks, or that this sudden abrupt end to nursing is actually a baby’s way of weaning. For these moms, emotional support is key, especially for the mother who had hoped to breastfeed longer than her baby planned on. Meeting with a lactation consultant can be very helpful in figuring out what might be going on, as well as in helping a mom come to terms with her and her baby’s breastfeeding journey.
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Is Performing a C-Section Better Than Inducing Labour, when it comes to giving birth, usually the preferred option is to let labour proceed naturally. However, there are times when it is not in the mother or baby’s interest for this to happen. When the health of either is at risk, or if gestation has exceeded [41 weeks duration,](https://nabtahealth.com/articles/doctor-tips-weeks-27-40/) then it is highly probable that an alternative strategy will need to be implemented. There are two options available, [inducing labour](../) or performing a [C-section](../). With an induction, the [uterus](https://nabtahealth.com/glossary/uterus/) is artificially stimulated to contract, and it is then hoped that labour will proceed as per a natural delivery. In contrast, a C-section is a surgical procedure, whereby a cut is made in the abdomen and the baby is removed that way, rather than via the [vagina](https://nabtahealth.com/glossary/vagina/). Sometimes the only safe option is to perform a C-section, for example if the baby is breach, or when an emergency situation arises. However, there are other times when you may be presented with a choice and if this happens, what is the correct answer? Unfortunately there is no definitive right answer. An induction can be at least as safe as spontaneous labour and, if performed in the week prior to the [due date](https://nabtahealth.com/glossary/due-date/), it is thought to reduce [the risk of](https://nabtahealth.com/articles/what-is-preeclampsia/) [preeclampsia](https://nabtahealth.com/glossary/preeclampsia/) in the mother and respiratory distress in the child, possibly as a result of the [placenta](https://nabtahealth.com/glossary/placenta/) remaining fully functional. Unlike C-sections, inductions are not surgical procedures and thus, if all goes to plan, the recovery period is shorter. It is however, a big ‘IF’. [Induced labours](https://nabtahealth.com/articles/induction-of-labour/) are typically more painful, meaning more women will request stronger pain relief including epidurals, and there is a greater likelihood of assisted delivery, such as the use of forceps or ventouse. There is also an increased [risk of hyperstimulation](https://nabtahealth.com/articles/what-is-ovarian-drilling/) of the [uterus](https://nabtahealth.com/glossary/uterus/)., Uterine hyperstimulation causes more frequent, longer [contractions](https://nabtahealth.com/glossary/contraction/), which can [lead](https://nabtahealth.com/glossary/lead/) to complications such as foetal heart rate abnormalities and, in rare cases, uterine rupture. In a significant number of women, induction does not work and a C-section becomes necessary. The advent of the C-section was undoubtedly a medical revolution, instantly saving the lives of millions of women and children. However, C-sections bring with them all the risks of regular surgery, including blood clots, wound infection and bleeding. The recovery period is typically longer after a C-section than after a natural birth, driving restrictions are enforced and a scar remains, although this will fade over time. Whilst current guidelines stipulate that an induction should only be performed when [the risks of continuing the pregnancy](https://nabtahealth.com/articles/complications-during-pregnancy-polyhydramnios/) outweighs the benefits, with more women than ever requesting elective C-sections, the World Health Organisation has highlighted an urgent need for medical assessment efforts to address the risks of induced labour compared to elective C-section. Until such work is undertaken, it becomes a matter of individual circumstance, personal choice and ultimately weighing up what is best for you and your baby. **Sources:** * Grobman, W A, et al. “Labor Induction versus Expectant Management in Low-Risk Nulliparous Women.” _The New England Journal of Medicine_, vol. 379, no. 6, 9 Aug. 2018, pp. 513–523., doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1800566. * WHO Recommendations for Induction of Labour. World Health Organisation, [http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/44531/9789241501156\_eng.pdf?sequence=1](http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/44531/9789241501156_eng.pdf?sequence=1). Accessed on 23/01/2019. * _Inducing Labour. Clinical Guideline \[CG70\]_. NICE (National Institute for Care and Health Excellence), July 2008, www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg70/chapter/Introduction. Accessed on 23/01/2019

Sushi is considered a healthy eating option and its popularity is growing in the US. Many parents wonder if it is safe for their young child to eat sushi and when they can safely introduce it in the diet. According to the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), there is no need to delay the introduction of fish or shellfish beyond [4-6 months](https://nabtahealth.com/articles/when-can-your-child-eat-sushi-and-raw-fish/) of age in healthy, low food allergy risk children. Specifics about whether the fish is cooked or raw are not made, and the assumption is that this stance reflects cooked fish and shellfish. The Food and Drug Administration ([FDA](https://nabtahealth.com/glossary/fda-2/)) specifies that no raw fish or shellfish should be given to high-risk groups, highlighting very young children as one such group. At what age is a child no longer considered at high-risk? --------------------------------------------------------- A [child’s immune system](https://nabtahealth.com/articles/when-can-your-child-eat-sushi-and-raw-fish/) development is slow and steady during the first 2-3 years of life, and by age 4-6 years old, adult levels of immunity are seen. Your [child’s immune](https://nabtahealth.com/articles/can-daycare-build-your-childs-immune-system/) system continues to develop throughout [puberty](https://nabtahealth.com/glossary/puberty/). Given this information, waiting until 5-6 years of age to introduce raw fish and uncooked sushi is the best way. This will ensure your child is defended against potentially harmful substances. Bacterial contamination is a threat to any temperature sensitive food and cannot be seen, smelled or tasted. [Food poisoning](https://nabtahealth.com/articles/how-to-avoid-food-poisoning-during-pregnancy/) symptoms are similar to the stomach flu, so they may be hard to detect. Asking questions about the quality of food and how it is prepared is good. However, taking care to eat at reputable restaurants that you trust can help prevent adverse reactions to contaminated sushi. US restaurants are required to use sushi that has been properly frozen and/or cooked to eliminate parasitic contamination. ##### Food allergies The [Food Allergy](https://nabtahealth.com/articles/4-ways-to-know-if-your-child-has-a-food-allergy/) and Anaphylaxis Network states that about 7 million people in the US have a reported seafood allergy. In addition to seafood allergy risk, Asian cuisine can often contain other allergens such as peanut, egg, tree nut, and soy ingredients. Raw or cooked sushi is typically assembled into a firm, round food. Sashimi is a raw piece of fish set atop a small amount of rice; it has a slippery texture. Both sushi and sashimi may present a choking hazard, especially for young toddlers. A child to eat sushi may also have a sticky texture that may be foreign to the child. Cutting cooked sushi into small pieces before serving it to your toddler can minimize the risk of choking. When it comes to raw sushi or sashimi, it may be best to leave it out of your child’s diet as they are young and building a strong immune system. However, there is no reason why your toddler can’t safely enjoy cooked or vegetarian Asian cuisine, with special attention paid to its ingredients. If you enjoy sushi and other Asian cuisines and want to pass this along to your child, think about alternatives to raw fish such as: Vegetable rolls ##### **Those containing only cooked fish and/or shellfish** * Rice bowls * Tempura * Soups * Salads * Stir-fry * Teriyaki The truth is that while food safety, allergies, and choking hazards should always be considered. There really is no consensus on an exact age that is appropriate to give a young child raw fish. By 5-6 years old, a healthy [child’s immune system](https://nabtahealth.com/articles/can-daycare-build-your-childs-immune-system/) should be strong enough to graduate to raw sushi with the rest of the family. No magical age, grade level, or number of exposures to sushi will prevent the occurrence of an illness from contaminated food. Good judgment and necessary precautions should always be in place. **Sources:** * U.S * Food & Drug Administration * Fresh and Frozen Seafood: Selecting and Serving it Safely. KidsSafe Seafood. Food Allergy and Anaphylactic Network. Powered by Bundoo®

Food-borne illnesses do not discriminate — anyone can become sick. Raw oysters have earned a reputation as a potentially dangerous food. Also, some groups of people have a [greater risk of serious illness](https://nabtahealth.com/articles/is-fish-oil-safe-for-children/) than others, including children. Eating raw oysters comes with the risk of being exposed to Vibrio vulnificus, a potentially life-threatening bacteria. Young children, those under 5 years of age, are more susceptible to food-borne illness because their immunity isn’t fully developed. Here are some facts you should know before you give your young child raw oysters: ##### What will happen if my child eats a contaminated oyster? In reality, allowing your [child to eat](https://nabtahealth.com/articles/is-it-safe-for-toddlers-and-children-to-eat-raw-oysters/) raw oysters might have zero consequences, no matter how many he or she eats. Unlike other bacteria, V. vulnificus cannot be smelled, seen, or tasted. There is no way to determine if the raw oyster is safe to eat. V. vulnificus cannot be killed by a lot of hot sauce, nor are you guaranteed safety by letting your child just try one or two oysters. If your [child eats a raw oyster](https://nabtahealth.com/articles/is-it-safe-for-toddlers-and-children-to-eat-raw-oysters/) that is contaminated with V. vulnificus, it is important to be familiar with the signs and symptoms of food poisoning. In generally healthy people, V. vulnificus can cause vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. In some cases, it can become worse and infect the blood (invasive septicemia) resulting in fever, chills, and septic shock. V. vulnificus is a serious cause for concern because about half of people who contract the blood infection die. If you are suspicious of food poisoning and/or your child has symptoms, get in touch with your healthcare provider, or even head to the ER. ##### What should I do? To be safe, you may want to hold off on feeding your child raw oysters for a few years, or at least until he or she is five years of age. If oysters are a staple in your household, or a special treat here and there, make sure to thoroughly cook a few for your little one to try. Cooking (prolonged exposure to high heat) is the only way to kill the bacteria and make sure you and your family will be safe. Get yourself a [coach](https://nabtahealth.com/product/conscious-motherhood-coaching-session/) and learn more. **Sources:** * Food & Drug Administration * Raw Oyster Myths. Powered by Bundoo®