Find out why toddler want to be naked and get simple tips to manage it calmly, including sensory needs, new skills, and setting routines, The toddler years are marked by a variety of developmental milestones, one of which is the ability to dress and undress independently. While this new skill can be exciting for children, it can often [lead](https://nabtahealth.com/glossary/lead/) to inconvenient or embarrassing situations for parents, such as toddlers wanting to be naked all the time. However, this behavior is quite common and typically not a cause for concern. Why Toddlers Want to Be Naked ----------------------------- * **Sensory Input:** The main possible reasons toddlers like to keep naked include sensory input. Clothing such as seams within socks or shirt tags may be uncomfortable for a child, and this sensation of discomfort may make them remove their clothes frequently. If you suspect the child is extremely sensitive to a trivial input, it may indicate a problem like sensory processing disorder, for which the pediatrician can be consulted. * **Undressing as an Achievable Developmental Milestone**: One needs to consider that this might be one of the primary ways a toddler achieves a milestone in their development. They may feel proud of their new skill and want to share it with others, no matter how frustrating this may be for the parent. * **Attention Seeking**: The toddler may sometimes undress for attention; this is particularly true if the parent responds strongly to the behavior. The reaction from a frustrated or embarrassed parent may elicit persistence in undressing with the child to get some form of response. This, therefore, means that how parents react significantly influences behavior. How to Handle Your Toddler’s Nakedness -------------------------------------- * **Stay calm**: Parents should not react humiliatingly to the child instead of getting angry but may respond calmly with no humiliating remarks. The parents may tell their children how good they are at undressing and ask them to wear their clothes. This should be responding neutrally to avoid further exaggeration of the behavior. You might try dialogue like, “Wow! Terrific. I can see you undress yourself like a big kid. Can you get dressed now and show me how you do that?” By acting like the undressing is no more of a big deal than dressing, this may stop the problem in its tracks. * **Allocate Times to be Undressed**: At times, parents will find it beneficial to establish times when the toddler can be undressed, such as in preparation for bath time or within the confines of the home. More often than not, these organized opportunities will enable toddlers to feel less anxious and content with the parameters that have been established. * **Remember, It’s Just a Phase**: Like most [phases of development](https://nabtahealth.com/article/qa-with-raquel-anderson-brain-development-in-a-12-month-old/), the compulsion to be naked shall pass. Children do appear to grow out of it eventually, and parents need a little patience and understanding. **References:** 1.A. R. Turner, P. S. Thompson, “Sensory Processing and the Toddler Years: A Study of Early Childhood Sensory Experiences,” Journal of Developmental Psychology, 2023. 2.M. E. Calloway, J. L. Roberts, “Undressing as a Developmental Milestone in Early Childhood,” Infant and Toddler Development Journal, 2024. 3.S. D. Harris, “Understanding Toddler Behavior: Reactions to Nakedness and Sensory Sensitivity,” Parenting Psychology Quarterly, 2024. 4.L. B. Wilkins, “How to Respond to Common Toddler Behaviors: Positive Guidance Techniques,” Journal of Child Development and Parenting, 2023. **Sources:** * What To Expect * Undressing (preferring to be naked). [American Academy of Pediatrics](https://www.aap.org/) * Emotional Development in Preschoolers. Powered by Bundoo®
Garlic oil helps cure ear infections, natural [treatments](https://nabtahealth.com/) such as garlic oil are highly recommended as possessing antibacterial and antiviral properties. But does garlic oil live up to its reputation? The Science Behind Garlic and Ear Infections -------------------------------------------- Garlic has been used as a natural remedy for several centuries to cure various infections, among other ailments. The active ingredient, allicin, has been shown to exhibit antibacterial and antiviral properties that can help with the symptoms of an ear infection. A few studies confirm that allicin decreases the presence of certain bacteria and viruses, thus assisting in resolving the ear infection sooner. Yet anatomically, the ear makes this problematic as the tympanic membrane, or eardrum, acts to prevent direct delivery of oil or drops to the area of the middle ear where infections occur.  Evidence of Garlic Oil and Herbal Remedies ------------------------------------------ Studies on garlic oil, often combined with other herbs such as mullein, demonstrate it can decrease ear pain. A review published in 2023 reported that herbal ear drops, including those containing garlic, relieved pain in subjects with acute otitis media. However, researchers pointed out that while garlic oil may grant some advantages in the feeling of discomfort, its effect on the infection is limited by the eardrum barrier. Most infections will still self-resolve, but garlic oil can offer a natural alternative for pain management. Some studies in 2023 and 2024 also report that herbal extracts, including garlic, reduce dependence on heavy pain medications. Garlic is relatively cheaper and easier to access in herbal drops, particularly in many settings where prescription ear drops are not available. Safety and Proper Application of Garlic Oil ------------------------------------------- Being a potentially palliative resource, garlic needs to be used in the right manner. Experts advise against putting pure or undiluted garlic oil into the ear, as this can be too harsh and thus irritate or even injure sensitive ear tissue. Garlic extracts in commercially prepared herbal ear drops are recommended for use in the ear. In these products, garlic would have been diluted to safe levels while still being beneficial. Seeing a Health Professional ---------------------------- Consulting a health professional beforehand is very important when using garlic oil or any other herbal remedy against ear infections. Sometimes, ear infections result in complications, especially when not treated properly, and might cause recurrence. A healthcare provider will best help assess whether garlic oil or any other remedy may be indicated for each case and may recommend the safest treatment. Possible Benefits of Garlic Oil for Ear Health ---------------------------------------------- * Natural Pain Relief: Garlic oil’s antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory action soothes ear pain. * Cost-Effective: Garlic-based herbal remedies are generally cheaper than several prescription-based ear drops. * Readily Available Option: Garlic oil is readily available at health stores and can be ordered online. Current Research and Future Directions -------------------------------------- Herbal remedies, such as garlic oil, are still under research, especially for their role in pain relief and supporting natural recovery in light ear infections. Other studies investigate more advanced formulations that could let active compounds bypass the eardrum more effectively, thus giving a chance for enhanced effectiveness against middle-ear infections without the use of antibiotics. Key Takeaways ------------- * In effect, it has a minimal impact on the infection. It does not cure the disease but helps with earache because the membrane prevents the oil from reaching the middle ear. * Only use mild formulations. Commercially prepared herbal ear drops are very good compared to undiluted garlic oil. This is done to prevent irritation. * Consult a professional. Consult your health provider before this natural remedy, especially if you have recurring symptoms. References 1.Johnson, L., & Patel, R. (2023). [The Role of Herbal Remedies in Treating Ear Pain](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/): A Focus on Garlic Oil. Journal of Complementary Medicine, 61(2), 102-115. 2.Sharma, D., & Lee, H. (2024). Evaluating Garlic Extract for Natural Pain Relief in Ear Infections. Advances in Integrative Health, 42(1), 89-99. 3.Verhoeven, E., & Kim, S. (2023). Garlic and Herbal Extracts in Ear Infection Management. Health and Wellness Journal, 23(4), 167-178.
Your new baby has arrived, and you are eager to get back into shape. However, [losing weight after pregnancy](https://nabtahealth.com/articles/7-healthy-eating-tips-for-postpartum-weight-loss/) takes time and patience, especially because your body is still undergoing many hormonal and metabolic changes. Most women will lose half their baby weight by 6-weeks postpartum and return to their pre-pregnancy weight by 6 months after delivery. For long-term results, keep the following tips in mind. Prior to beginning any diet or exercise, [please consult with your physician](https://nabtahealth.okadoc.com/). 1\. **Dieting too soon is unhealthy.** Dieting too soon can delay your recovery time and make you more tired. Your body needs time to heal from labor and delivery. Try not to be so hard on yourself during the first 6 weeks postpartum. 2\. **Be realistic**. Set realistic and attainable goals. It is healthy to lose 1-2 pounds per week. Don’t go on a strict, restrictive diet. Women need a minimum of 1,200 calories a day to remain healthy, and most women need more than that — between 1,500 and 2,200 calories a day — to keep up their energy and prevent mood swings. And if you’re nursing, you need a bare minimum of 1,800 calories a day to nourish both yourself and your baby. 3\. **Move it**. There are many benefits to exercise. Exercise can promote weight loss when combined with a reduced calorie diet. Physical activity can also restore your muscle strength and tone. Exercise can condition your abdominal muscles, improve your mood, and help prevent and promote recovery from postpartum depression. 4\. **Breastfeed**. In addition to the many benefits of breastfeeding for your baby, it will also help you lose weight faster. Women who gain a reasonable amount of weight and breastfeed exclusively are more likely to lose all weight six months after giving birth. Experts also estimate that women who breastfeed retain 2 kilograms (4.4 pounds) less than women who don’t breastfeed at six months after giving birth. 5\. **Hydrate**. Drink 8 or 9 cups of liquids a day. Drinking water helps your body flush out toxins as you are losing weight. Limit drinks like sodas, juices, and other fluids with sugar and calories. They can add up and keep you from losing weight. 6. **Don’t skip meals**. Don’t skip meals in an attempt to lose weight. It won’t help, because you’ll be more likely to binge at other meals. Skipping meals will also make you feel tired and grouchy. With a new baby, it can be difficult to find time to eat. Rather than fitting in three big meals, focus on eating five to six small meals a day with healthy snacks in between. 7\. **Eat the rainbow.** Stock up on your whole grains, fruits, and vegetables. Consuming more fruits and vegetables along with whole grains and lean meats, nuts, and beans is a safe and healthy diet. ose weight after postpartum Is one of the biggest challenge women face worldwidely. Different Expertise and studies indicated that female might lose approximately 13 pounds’ weight which is around 6 KG in the first week after giving birth. The essential point here is that dieting not required for losing the weight, diet often reduce the amount of some important vitamins, minerals and nutrients. **Here are seven tips from the professional nutritionist perspective that can be considered for losing weight after postpartum these are;** 2\. Considered food like fish, chicken, nuts, and beans are excellent sources of protein and nutrients. 3\. A healthy serving of fat, such as avocado, chia seeds or olive oil 4\. With the balance diet please consider to drink plenty of water to stay hydrated. 5\. Regular exercise helps to shed extra pounds and improve overall health. 6\. Fiber-rich foods should be included to promote digestive health and support weight loss efforts. 7\. Don’t forget about self-care. By making these dietary changes and incorporating physical activity, you can achieve postpartum weight loss sustainably and healthily. **Sources:** * Center for Disease and Control and Prevention * Healthy Weight: it’s not dieting, it’s a lifestyle. Obstetrics and Gynecology * The risks of not breastfeeding for mothers and infants. The American College of Obstetrics and Gynecologists * Guidelines of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists for exercise during pregnancy and the postpartum period. Powered by Bundoo®
Food-borne illnesses do not discriminate — anyone can become sick. Raw oysters have earned a reputation as a potentially dangerous food. Also, some groups of people have a [greater risk of serious illness](https://nabtahealth.com/articles/is-fish-oil-safe-for-children/) than others, including children. Eating raw oysters comes with the risk of being exposed to Vibrio vulnificus, a potentially life-threatening bacteria. Young children, those under 5 years of age, are more susceptible to food-borne illness because their immunity isn’t fully developed. Here are some facts you should know before you give your young child raw oysters: ##### What will happen if my child eats a contaminated oyster? In reality, allowing your [child to eat](https://nabtahealth.com/articles/is-it-safe-for-toddlers-and-children-to-eat-raw-oysters/) raw oysters might have zero consequences, no matter how many he or she eats. Unlike other bacteria, V. vulnificus cannot be smelled, seen, or tasted. There is no way to determine if the raw oyster is safe to eat. V. vulnificus cannot be killed by a lot of hot sauce, nor are you guaranteed safety by letting your child just try one or two oysters. If your [child eats a raw oyster](https://nabtahealth.com/articles/is-it-safe-for-toddlers-and-children-to-eat-raw-oysters/) that is contaminated with V. vulnificus, it is important to be familiar with the signs and symptoms of food poisoning. In generally healthy people, V. vulnificus can cause vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. In some cases, it can become worse and infect the blood (invasive septicemia) resulting in fever, chills, and septic shock. V. vulnificus is a serious cause for concern because about half of people who contract the blood infection die. If you are suspicious of food poisoning and/or your child has symptoms, get in touch with your healthcare provider, or even head to the ER. ##### What should I do? To be safe, you may want to hold off on feeding your child raw oysters for a few years, or at least until he or she is five years of age. If oysters are a staple in your household, or a special treat here and there, make sure to thoroughly cook a few for your little one to try. Cooking (prolonged exposure to high heat) is the only way to kill the bacteria and make sure you and your family will be safe. Get yourself a [coach](https://nabtahealth.com/product/conscious-motherhood-coaching-session/) and learn more. **Sources:** * Food & Drug Administration * Raw Oyster Myths. Powered by Bundoo®
**1\. Find the perfect gift** As the holidays roll around, buying gifts for loved ones comes to everyone’s minds. But how can you know what gift a baby wants? Or which toys would be most beneficial for a toddler? Here are some helpful hints! **2\. Infants to 6-months-old** It may seem most difficult to find a toy for an infant, but at this age, babies are pretty easy to please. They love bright colors and looking at the people around them, as well as discovering their own hands and feet. Their physical abilities limit the items that are suitable for them—they can lift their heads, react to sounds, and try to taste just about every object. So, colorful toys that involve sounds (from rattles to songs) are ideal. Even at this age, parents can begin reading to their children; so, rhyming books are also a good idea. **3\. Ages 7 months to 1 year** Around these ages, babies are becoming mobile! They are learning to roll, sit, crawl, stand, and so much more. At the older end of this age range, some may even be close to walking. With this newfound freedom, they will enjoy any toy that moves or that they can follow! Most toys that involve pushing and pulling will be a blast. They have also begun to enjoy finding objects, manipulating toys, and exploring containers, so shape sorters, interlocking rings, balls, building blocks, and other manageable toys will be enjoyable. **4\. Ages 1 to 2 years** Young toddlers have just begun learning to walk, so they want to explore the great, big world they now have access to. Their inquisitive minds will love any toys that give them something to manipulate physically or challenge them cognitively. Books are always a great idea, especially at this age. Toys that give them songs to learn or that allow them to exercise their imaginations will keep them happy. They will love pretending to use toy phones, cars, and more. **5\. Ages 2 to 3 years** Now that toddlers have gained more confidence and strength, they love to test their limits. Their abundant energy means that they also like to stay on the move. Toys that allow them to express their creative sides and learn new things (like sorters, building blocks, and [art](https://nabtahealth.com/glossary/art/) supplies) will keep them entertained. Things they can kick and throw, or equipment they can push themselves around on are also ideal. **6\. Ages 3 to 6 years** Have you ever met a preschooler or kindergartener who constantly asked you “Why?” no matter how many times you explained something? Children at these ages are insatiably curious about the world. They like playing with each other and toys that keep them engaged. Puzzles, [art](https://nabtahealth.com/glossary/art/) supplies, books, balance bikes, interactive computer programs, scooters, and other fun toys or [custom gifts](https://www.portraitvilla.com/) will delight them! **Sources:** * Toy Industry Foundation. Age-by-age Toy Guide. National Association for the Education of Young Children. Good Toys for Young Children by Age and Stage. Powered by Bundoo®
Looking for some [good gift ideas](https://www.portraitvilla.com/) for the breastfeeding mom in your life this holiday season? Here’s a doctor-approved list of ideas that almost any breastfeeding mom would love. **Meals**—Give her the gift of not having to worry about cooking by stocking her freezer with some ready-to-eat meals. Bring disposable plates and utensils so she doesn’t have to clean up after. Bonus points: include dessert! **Easy-to-grab snacks**—Nursing moms need to eat too, often one-handed. A [gift basket](https://portraitvilla.com/) filled with snacks such as granola bars, cheese sticks, mixed nuts, and crackers can ensure she gets much-needed calories while feeding her baby. Be sure to throw some chocolate in there, too. **Water bottle**—It is important to stay hydrated when breastfeeding, and this can often go by the wayside during those busy newborn days (and nights). Buy her a quality, BPA-free water bottle to remind this new mama that she needs to drink up. **Magazines/books/DVDs**—Cluster feeds and long nursing sessions are an excellent time to catch up with a new book or magazine or start a new TV series. Find out what she might be into and help her stock up. A subscription to online streaming is another great way to help her relax while she works hard growing her new baby. **Breastfeeding book**—There are lots to choose from, but you can’t go wrong with “The Womanly [Art](https://nabtahealth.com/glossary/art/) of Breastfeeding.” Check out our marketplace for more options, too. These can help her if she has a nagging question in the middle of the night and needs to get an answer quickly. **Nursing bra/gift card**—Quality nursing bras can be very expensive. Find where she can get one locally and offer to buy one, or [give her a gift card](https://www.portraitvilla.com/) (and maybe an afternoon out to herself to get one, too). Trust us—she will thank you! **Something luxurious**—New moms often put themselves last, and it’s important to remind her to take care of themselves. Whether it’s a gift card for a pedicure or a massage or some free babysitting to let her get out of the house, these kinds of presents will let her focus on herself again…even if it’s only between feedings!
Can duct tape remove wart; * Warts are a common childhood ailment. * Warts are caused when a virus infects the top layer of the skin, the stratum corneum, and sets up residence. * One of the most common warts in children is known as molluscum contagiosum * Warts can remain for months and even years but often spontaneously go away, especially in children. Warts and molluscum are highly contagious and affect most children. They often spread and grow in size because the body fails to recognize the virus as being a pathogen. Warts can be transmitted from one area of skin to another by rubbing. They can heal themselves and go away on their alone. Nevertheless, many families look for treatment and solutions to speed up the recovery. #### What is molluscum? One of the most common warts in children is known as molluscum contagiosum. These tiny pearly papules are usually no more than 5 millimeters in size and often appear in clusters. The best advise is to leave molluscum alone. With time (months) they resolve on their own with no treatment. Sometimes, ignoring molluscum is not an option. In cases where they are spreading quickly (because they are in an area where there is skin on skin contact, like under the arm), are painful, your child continues to pick at them, or they are causing a cosmetic problem, treatment may be indicated. There are various treatment methods and your provider can help determine what might be best for your child. #### Using duct tape on molluscum One of the easiest methods to try at home is the duct tape method as described by the [Schmitt Paediatric Guide:](https://publications.aap.org/patiented/pages/schmitt) * “Covering molluscum with duct tape can irritate them. This turns on the body’s immune system. * Cover as many of the molluscum as possible. (Cover at least 3 of them.) * The covered molluscum become red and start to die. When this happens, often ALL molluscum will go away. * Try to keep the molluscum covered all the time. * Remove the tape once per day, usually before bathing. Then replace it after bathing. * Some children don’t like the tape on at school. At the very least, tape it every night.” To prevent passing molluscum to others, avoid bathing with or sharing a hot tub with others and avoid sharing towels and washcloths. If the child is in contact sports, it will be helpful to cover molluscum if located in an area where there could be skin to skin contact. It takes 4-8 weeks after contact for molluscum to develop. A physician can apply a medication known as cantharidin to the top of each little wart. The medication causes the top layer of the skin, where the virus lives, to blister and peel off, taking the virus with it. Cantharidin can also be used with other small warts but is not ideal for large warts. While the treatment is rarely uncomfortable, it is also often ineffective. Multiple applications may be necessary before the wart is fully gone. If your child already has molluscum, to prevent more from developing, advise them to avoid scratching. Keeping nails cut short can also help. Also avoid rubbing the affected area with a washcloth or towel and then touching this on the skin. #### Using duct tape on warts Duct tape is also popular as a wart treatment and can be attempted at home. Duct tape can be used on any non-tender wart. In this treatment, the wart is cleaned and softened with soapy water. Then an unused emery board is used to gently file the wart down, stopping if it becomes uncomfortable. It is dried completely and a clean square of duct tape is applied over the wart. The duct tape is left on for a week and then gently removed with baby oil. The whole process is repeated weekly until the wart resolves. There are many over-the-counter treatments for warts, but it’s a good idea to check with your physician before using them as many are irritating to the skin and can burn. It bears repeating that warts are usually self-limited so doing nothing is a good option for children who are not bothered by them. How long does it take for duct tape to remove a wart? ----------------------------------------------------- Duct tape is a popular home remedy for removing warts. However, the effectiveness of this treatment can vary and it is not backed by scientific evidence. The process of using duct tape to remove a wart involves covering the wart with a piece of duct tape for several days. The idea behind this treatment is that the duct tape will cut off the wart’s supply of oxygen and nutrients, causing it to die and eventually fall off. It is difficult to predict exactly how long it will take for a wart to be removed using duct tape, as it can vary depending on the individual and the size and location of the wart. Some people may see results within a week, while others may not see any improvement for several weeks or even months. In general, it is recommended to use duct tape as a wart treatment for no longer than two months. If the wart has not improved or disappeared after this time, it is best to discontinue the treatment and talk to a doctor about other options. While duct tape may be a low-cost and convenient option for removing warts, it is not always effective. It is important to consult with a healthcare provider for advice and guidance on the best treatment for your specific situation. Powered by Bundoo® Edited by Nabta Health \_\_\_ Nabta is reshaping women’s healthcare. We support women with their personal health journeys, from everyday wellbeing to the uniquely female experiences of fertility, pregnancy, and [menopause](https://nabtahealth.com/glossary/menopause/). You can track your menstrual cycle and get [personalised support by using the Nabta app.](https://nabtahealth.com/our-platform/nabta-app/) [Get in touch](/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#be9b8c8ec7dfd2d2dffed0dfdccadfd6dbdfd2cad690ddd1d3) if you have any questions about this article or any aspect of women’s health. We’re here for you. **Sources** ClearTriage. Copyright 2000-2019 Schmitt Pediatric Guidelines LLC. Author: Barton Schmitt MD, FAAP
Following childbirth, many women that wish to breastfeed [worry about their milk supply](../breastfeeding-am-i-producing-sufficient-milk). Milk production is regulated by the hormones [prolactin](https://nabtahealth.com/glossary/prolactin/) and oxytocin, which start working mid-way through pregnancy; however, once the baby is born, on-going production comes from consistent and regular removal of the _milk from the breasts_. Therefore, the single best way of _improving milk supply_ is to feed, or express, often. The first few days after delivery are critical for establishing milk secretion and this is the time at which many women who are struggling with [breastfeeding](https://nabtahealth.com/articles/is-breastfeeding-overrated/) decide to switch to [formula feeding](https://nabtahealth.com/articles/correct-position-for-formula-feeding-babies/). There are options for increasing milk supply and for those women who are struggling with [breastfeeding](https://nabtahealth.com/articles/is-breastfeeding-overrated/), it may be worth trying these before switching to an entirely formula-based diet. **1\. Seek professional help** ------------------------------ Prior to attempting pharmacological methods or herbal remedies try speaking to an expert. Your [gynaecologist](https://nabtahealth.com/glossary/gynaecologist/) or midwife should be able to put you in touch with a [local](https://nabtahealth.com/product/at-home-lactation-consultation/) [lactation](https://nabtahealth.com/glossary/lactation/) specialist. These women are trained to offer advice and counselling. They can evaluate whether your breastfeeding challenges are physical (for example, poor positioning, latching difficulties, baby tongue tie) or emotional (usually due to fluctuating hormone levels after giving birth). Their role is to support and encourage, and it is essential that if they do not do this, you find somebody else, who does. **2\. Pharmacological galactogogues** ------------------------------------- A galactogogue is a substance administered to enhance milk supply. To date, there have been no drugs approved [solely to enhance](https://nabtahealth.com/articles/when-should-you-see-a-lactation-consultant/) [lactation](https://nabtahealth.com/glossary/lactation/). The medications that are prescribed are usually licensed for other purposes and used ‘off label’. That does not mean they are unsafe; as licensed drugs, they will have undergone extensive safety testing and, when prescribed to [assist with](https://nabtahealth.com/product/at-home-lactation-consultation/) [lactation](https://nabtahealth.com/glossary/lactation/), they are given at a significantly lower dose than that normally recommended. Domperidone is an antiemetic, sometimes given to infants with severe gastrointestinal reflux. Domperidone stimulates the release of [prolactin](https://nabtahealth.com/glossary/prolactin/), which is one of the hormones that regulate milk production. When given at a dose of 10 mg, three times a day, there is a modest _increase in milk_ production; generally of between 80 and 100 mL a day. There is an association between domperidone and cardiac arrhythmias and, in very rare cases, [sudden cardiac death](https://nabtahealth.com/articles/9-common-cardiac-defects-in-children/). Therefore, women with a history of heart complications should be advised against the use of this drug. It does not cross the blood-brain barrier, meaning there is no risk of neurological side effects, and the dose that passes into [breast milk](https://nabtahealth.com/articles/low-milk-supply-we-can-help/) is extremely low. Given for the first few weeks post delivery, it is moderately successful at enhancing milk supply, but longer term studies on its efficacy are lacking. Metoclopromide is an alternative medication sometimes used to stimulate milk production. Like domperidone, it’s primary usage is to prevent nausea and vomiting, but it also increases [prolactin](https://nabtahealth.com/glossary/prolactin/) levels. Unlike domperidone, it crosses the blood-brain barrier and can cause quite severe neurological side effects, such as tremor and bradykinesia (slowness of movement). Most studies on this drug have failed to find a significant _increase in milk production_. More of the drug passes into the breast milk, although levels are still well below those given therapeutically to infants with stomach complaints. The side effects and lower efficacy mean that, generally, domperidone is preferred over metoclopromide for improving [lactation](https://nabtahealth.com/glossary/lactation/). It is recommended that when medication is prescribed, women continue to feed and _pump milk regularly_ to further enhance their supply. **3\. Herbal galactogogues** ---------------------------- Perhaps the best known non-pharmacological method of _boosting milk supply_ is via the consumption of [lactation](https://nabtahealth.com/glossary/lactation/) cookies (or brownies, or lemonade, depending on personal preference). These can be homemade or shop-bought; however, the latter often come with a high price tag and indiscriminate ingredients, meaning their effectiveness may be questionable. It is the individual ingredients within [lactation](https://nabtahealth.com/glossary/lactation/) products that give them their proposed galactogogue properties. The most widely known herbal remedy for enhancing milk [supply is fenugreek](https://nabtahealth.com/articles/natural-methods-to-alleviate-period-pain/) seeds. As well as being a key ingredient in [lactation](https://nabtahealth.com/glossary/lactation/) cookies, these seeds can be consumed in capsule form or dissolved to make a tea. [Fenugreek](https://nabtahealth.com/articles/natural-methods-to-alleviate-period-pain/) seeds have been used extensively as a cooking spice across India and the Middle East for many years. They stimulate sweat production and, as the mammary gland is a modified sweat gland, it is proposed that they stimulate this gland to produce milk. The evidence for their efficacy is inconclusive and mainly anecdotal, although they do seem to have a mild galactagogue effect and many _[lactation](https://nabtahealth.com/glossary/lactation/) consultants_ will recommend them. A dosage of 1 – 6 grams a day is recommended and side effects are generally minor, [](https://nabtahealth.com/articles/diarrhoea-during-your-period-when-to-see-a-doctor/)[diarrhoea](https://nabtahealth.com/glossary/diarrhoea/) and flatulence being amongst the most common. At high doses, fenugreek can lower blood sugar levels, so it is suggested that women with diabetes mellitus do not use it. There are other herbal options which include shatavari root, malunggay leaves and silymarin (65-80% milk thistle extract). Malunggay is widely used as a galactogogue in the Philippines and thistle extract is another common ingredient in [lactation](https://nabtahealth.com/glossary/lactation/) cookies. However, the scientific evidence for their beneficial qualities is lacking. There are very few studies, and the results are variable and inconclusive. Herbal products do not need to undergo the same rigorous testing as other food and drink products. This means they are not regulated by government bodies and do not need to be tested on humans prior to being sold. The safety profiles of herbal products may not be as well established as conventional medication, however, many, including fenugreek seeds, have a long history of use in cooking and medicine, and therefore, are generally considered to be very safe and well tolerated. In conclusion, adequate support, on both an emotional and practical level as well as frequent feeding (or expressing) are the best ways of _boosting milk supply_. Medical and herbal products seem to show some beneficial effects, however, the scientific evidence for their usage is limited and often restricted to short-term studies. Nabta is reshaping women’s healthcare. We support women with their personal health journeys, from everyday wellbeing to the uniquely female experiences of [fertility](https://nabtahealth.com/articles/causes-of-female-infertility-environmental-lifestyle-factors/), [pregnancy](https://nabtahealth.com/articles/dos-and-donts-in-early-pregnancy/), and [](https://nabtahealth.com/articles/effects-of-menopause-on-the-body/)[menopause](https://nabtahealth.com/glossary/menopause/). Get in [touch](/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#ea938b86868baa848b889e8b828f8b869e82c4898587) if you have any questions about this article or any aspect of women’s health. We’re here for you. Seek more advice from [at-home](https://nabtahealth.com/product/at-home-lactation-consultation/) [lactation](https://nabtahealth.com/glossary/lactation/) consultation and get to learn more **Sources:** * Asztalos, E V. “Supporting Mothers of Very Preterm Infants and Breast Milk Production: A Review of the Role of Galactogogues.” _Nutrients_, vol. 10, no. 5, 12 May 2018, doi:10.3390/nu10050600. * Bazzano, A N, et al. “A Review of Herbal and Pharmaceutical Galactagogues for Breast-Feeding.” _The Ochsner Journal_, vol. 16, no. 4, 2016, pp. 511–524. * Drugs and [Lactation](https://nabtahealth.com/glossary/lactation/) Database (LactMed) \[Internet\]. Bethesda (MD): _National Library of Medicine (US)_; 2006-. Fenugreek. \[Updated 2019 May 1\]. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK501779/](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK501779/). * Grzeskowiak, L E, et al. “Domperidone for Increasing Breast Milk Volume in Mothers Expressing Breast Milk for Their Preterm Infants: a Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis.” _BJOG_, vol. 125, no. 11, Oct. 2018, pp. 1371–1378., doi:10.1111/1471-0528.15177.
With the holiday gifts by age comes the challenge of finding age-appropriate toys for the infants and children in your lives. If you’re like most [gift-givers](https://www.portraitvilla.com/), you want to find gifts for kids that don’t just provide fun but are also educational — or at least helpful when it comes to developing skills. Fortunately, a tremendous amount of research has been done to help you choose the perfect gift for kids of any age. Here’s a helpful guide to age-appropriate toys. 1\. Infants-6 months old—Babies enjoy looking at people and bright colors. They are also learning about themselves, so they enjoy looking at their hands and feet. Developmentally, they can lift their heads, turn toward sounds, and put items in their mouths. [Babies](https://nabtahealth.com/articles/birth-defects-gastroschisis/) enjoy playing with toys that make noise, such as rattles or squeaking toys. Simple songs such as nursery rhymes and [poems](https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poems) will also delight babies. Look for good rhyming books. 2\. 7 months-1 year old—Babies at this age are on the move. Developmentally, they may be able to roll, sit, bounce, creep, and pull themselves up to standing. There are some who can even walk, especially approaching the one-year mark. At this point, babies start paying attention to people who call out their names, and they can understand short words. They can also find hidden objects and fill or empty containers. These babies will enjoy anything that moves. This way they can follow them. They love to put things places and then take them out, so give them some toys that involve placing things on top of or inside each other. Good toys at this age include busy boxes, push/pull toys, balls, blocks, interlocking rings, and shape sorters. 3\. 1-2 year-olds—Children at this age are explorers. They enjoy discovering new surroundings and can usually walk where they want to go. Children enjoy toys they can manipulate physically or cognitively. For example, board books are great because they can interpret the illustrations in many different ways. Songs allow this age group to learn how to make up their own songs or stories. Pretend toys are also well received because they can use them to play out many different scenarios. 4\. 2-3 year-olds—Toddlers want to test their physical capabilities. They like to play with toys that allow them to build, sort, and create things. They also enjoy balls to kick and throw. Equipment they can ride on, which can be pushed with their feet, is a good gift. [](https://www.portraitvilla.com/)[Art](https://nabtahealth.com/glossary/art/) supplies are fun because they can use bright colors to make designs. 5\. 3-6 year-olds—Preschoolers and kindergarteners want to know as much as possible about the world and ask a lot of questions. At this age, they enjoy playing with other children. This age group enjoys playing with puzzles, blocks, [art](https://nabtahealth.com/glossary/art/) supplies, books, scooters, balance bikes, tunnels, a bat and ball, and interactive computer programs. **Sources:** * Toy Industry Foundation * Age-by-age Toy Guide. National Association for the Education of Young Children * Good Toys for Young Children by Age and Stage. Powered by Bundoo®
Baby-led weaning is a child-centered approach to feeding and [transitioning from breastfeeding](https://nabtahealth.com/articles/9-ways-to-make-night-weaning-work-for-you/) to a solid food diet. Allowing baby to set the pace — eat when hungry and stop when full — is a responsive feeding approach, one that has been positively associated with [healthy eating](https://nabtahealth.com/articles/5-nutrients-for-baby-led-weaning/) and body weight. If you choose to use a BLW approach to feeding your baby, follow these tips to ensure safety and success: * Exclusively breast-feed your baby for the first six months. * Continue breast milk (preferable) or formula for at least the second six months of life. No regular cow’s milk or milk alternatives until after a year of age, and then whole fat sources should be used until age two. * Make sure baby [shows developmental-readiness](https://nabtahealth.com/articles/qa-with-dr-jen-lincoln-what-about-weaning/) for solid food by sitting upright without props or assistance, reaching for food, or showing other signs of interest. * Feed your baby the food your family eats (soft-cooked, well-cooked or cut into graspable pieces). * Offer a variety of foods from all the food groups. Don’t rely on starchy foods like crackers, breads and cereals. * Understand the unique and [important nutrient needs of your baby](https://nabtahealth.com/articles/5-nutrients-for-baby-led-weaning/), including [iron](https://nabtahealth.com/glossary/iron/), [zinc](https://nabtahealth.com/glossary/zinc/), [vitamin D](https://nabtahealth.com/glossary/vitamin-d/), total fat, and DHA. * Let baby regulate his or her eating. * Watch for signs of choking. Reviewed by Dr. Sara Connolly, December 2018 **Sources:** * Brown A, Lee M, Maternal control of child feeding during the weaning period: differences between mothers following a baby-led or standard weaning approach. Maternal & Child Health, 2011; 8: 1265-71. * Brown A, Lee M, An exploration of experiences of mothers following a baby-led weaning style: Developmental readiness for complementary foods. Maternal & Child Nutr, 2013; 2: 233-43. * Townsend E and Pitchford N, Baby knows best? The impact of weaning style on food preferences and body mass index in early childhood in a case-controlled sample. BMJ Open, 2012; 2: e000298. * American Academy of Pediatrics Section on Breastfeeding, 2012 Policy statement: Breastfeeding and the use of human milk. Pediatrics, 129, e827-e841. * Dietary Reference Intakes. Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine, National Academies. * Rapley G and Murkett T, Baby-Led Weaning: Helping Your Baby Love Good Food. Vermillion: London, UK, 2008. * Castle J and Jacobsen M, Fearless Feeding: How to Raise Healthy Eaters from High Chair to High School. Jossey-Bass: San Francisco, CA, 2013. Powered by Bundoo®
When a mom’s milk lets down while nursing, it means that the cells that make and store the milk are contracting and releasing their contents so the baby can start eating. While it may seem like more is better when it comes to a good let down, this isn’t always the case. Known as an overactive letdown, this occurs when a very forceful letdown releases a lot of milk at once. For some babies, this can actually make those first moments of nursing really difficult to handle. Think of it as drinking from a fire hose! Babies of moms who have overactive let down may sputter or gag at the breast as they try to handle all the milk coming their way. They may pull off frequently as they try to self-regulate the flow of milk. This can [lead](https://nabtahealth.com/glossary/lead/) to swallowing a lot of air during feeding, which in turn may cause excess gas. It can also cause pain for mom as the baby is constantly pulling off and trying to re-latch. Babies may also seem fussy at the breast and may have green stools related to the fact that they ingest a lot of foremilk and end their nursing sessions early. Moms with overactive let down may also have milk oversupply — another blessing and a curse — so these babies may show very rapid weight gain. However, if a baby is not nursing well because of the overactive letdown, weight gain may actually go down. Overactive let down can also [lead](https://nabtahealth.com/glossary/lead/) to a sensation of pain for mom. Some women describe it as a sharp or shooting pain that usually doesn’t involve the nipple. Any mom who is having breast pain should be examined to make sure mastitis or plugged ducts are not the culprits, but sometimes it may just be related to a really forceful letdown. The good news is there are some things you can do to manage their overactive letdown. One trick is to stimulate a let down by pumping or simply doing a hand massage before the baby latches, and then have a washcloth (or bottle) ready to let the milk spray into. Once the let down has passed, let baby latch on as the milk flow will now be slower and easier to handle. A nursing baby in a position that is more “uphill” can help slow the flow of milk somewhat and let the baby have more control. Positions such as the football hold, cradle hold with the baby propped up more on pillows, and laid-back nursing positions can be good ones to try. It may seem instinctive for a mom to keep pressing her baby’s head back onto the breast when he pulls off. This can actually cause more problems, however, because the baby needs to be able to breathe and self-regulate. If they keep feeling forced on the breast, they may become resistant to nursing and stop feeding well. Luckily, over time some women do notice that their overactive let down seems to settle down somewhat, and as a baby gets older, she often is able to work with it more easily. As with any breastfeeding problems, seeing a [lactation](https://nabtahealth.com/glossary/lactation/) consultant can be key if the techniques mentioned here don’t help mom and baby. **Sources:** * The Breastfeeding Answer Book * La Leche League International * 3rd revised edition. Powered by Bundoo®
This number, 1-800-222-1222, is the same for ALL Poison Control Centers around the country and operates 24 hours a day, 365 days each year. The folks who answer the phone can help determine if what your [child ate](https://nabtahealth.com/articles/is-your-child-a-problem-feeder/), chewed, licked, or swallowed is dangerous and if he or she needs medical attention. People typically think of the Poison Control number for medication or household cleaner ingestion, but a [child will eat](https://nabtahealth.com/articles/6-foods-you-should-stop-feeding-your-toddler/) almost anything (plants, chalk, makeup), and they can help you decide what you need to do. Every parent and caregiver should have this number in their cell phones and next to any land lines in case of emergency. Powered by Bundoo®
